Synthetic aperture radar imaging for burn wounds diagnostics

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The need for technologies to monitor the wound healing under dressing materials has led us to investigate the feasibility of using microwave and millimetre wave radiations due to their sensitivity to water, non‐ ionising nature, and transparency to dressing materials and clothing. This paper presents synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained from an active microwave and millimetre wave scanner operating over the band 15–40 GHz. Experimental images obtained from porcine skin samples with the presence of dressing materials and after the application of localised heat treatments reveal that SAR images can be used for diagnosing burns and for potentially monitoring the healing under dressing materials. The experimental images were extracted separately from the amplitude and phase measurements of the input reflection coefficient (S11). The acquired images indicate that skin and burns can be detected and observed through dressing materials as well as features of the skin such as edges, irregularities, bends, burns, and variation in the reflectance of the skin. These unique findings enable a microwave and millimetre‐wave scanner to be used for evaluating the wound healing progress under dressing materials without their often‐painful removal: a capability that will reduce the cost of healthcare, distress caused by long waiting hours, and the healthcare interventional time

The reflectance of human skin in the millimeter-wave band

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The millimeter-wave band is an ideal part of the electromagnetic radiation to diagnose human skin conditions because this radiation interacts only with tissue down to a depth of a millimetre or less over the band range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz. In this paper, radiometry is used as a non-contact sensor for measuring the human skin reflectance under normal and wet skin conditions. The mean reflectance of the skin of a sample of 50 healthy participants over the (80–100) GHz band was found to be ~0.615 with a standard deviation of ~0.088, and an experimental measurement uncertainty of ±0.005. The thinner skin regions of the back of the hand, the volar forearms and the inner wrist had reflectances 0.068, 0.068 and 0.062 higher than the thicker skin regions of the palm of the hand, the dorsal forearm and the outer wrist skin. Experimental measurements of human skin reflectance in a normal and a wet state on the back of the hand and the palm of the hand regions indicated that the mean differences in the reflectance before and after the application of water were ~0.078 and ~0.152, respectively. These differences were found to be statistically significant as assessed using t-tests (34 paired t-tests and six independent t-tests were performed to assess the significance level of the mean differences in the reflectance of the skin). Radiometric measurements in this paper show the quantitative variations in the skin reflectance between locations, sexes, and individuals. The study reveals that these variations are related to the skin thickness and water content, a capability that has the potential to allow radiometry to be used as a non-contact sensor to detect and monitor skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, malignancy, and burn wounds

Crime Prevention on Social Networks Featuring Location Based Services

In the age of austerity crime is on the increase. The large online presence of the populous is fueling criminals with large amounts of data capable of turning and individual into a victim. The public awareness of the dangers of social networks is low and online crime analysis is in its infancy. This paper presents a novel system for the prevention of crime on social networks. The system will identify risks within users Geo-location information, status updates and online profile. The system analyses location based information as well as using Information Extraction templates and Natural Language Processing to identify threats. The system can successfully identify threats on a graded scale and provide feedback and advice to the user. The work highlights the importance of closely monitoring a digital footprin

Template-Based Information Extraction System for Detection of Events on Twitter

With the number of prosecutions for crimes on online social networks rising each year combined with the volume, velocity and variety of the data produced on these online social networks, it is almost impossible to effectively discover instances of crime or criminal behavior manually. Past work has been conducted in the area of event detection using Twitter, including TEDAS (Li, et al., 2012) and Jasmine (Watanabe, et al., 2011). This paper proposes a novel solution allowing for real-time monitoring of geo-tagged posts on Twitter using information extraction techniques to discover relevant information. This approach has had promising results, returning a number of relevant results from within the data set used in the evaluation

The detection of potentially illegal activity on financial discussion boards using information extraction

flourish. This paper presents a novel prototype system for a financial share discussion detection system, to highlight potentially unlawful practices. Information is extracted from financial discussion boards, where templates hosting scenarios of known illegal activities are used to detect any potential misdemeanors. From an analysis of a single day’s trading, it was observed that of the 3000 comments extracted, 0.2% of these were deemed suspicious and required the investigation of a discussion board moderator. The man-power required to perform this task manually over the course of a year could be a prohibitive. The initial work underscores the importance and need of an automated crime detection system, using financial discussion boards as its key extraction component

Performance Efficiency of University Education from Students Perspective

The study aims to identify the efficiency of the university education performance from the perspective of postgraduate and undergraduate students in international and Palestinian universities. The analytical descriptive approach was used for this purpose and the questionnaire was used as a main tool for data collection. The study community consists of: post graduate students, (23850) graduate students and (146355) undergraduate students. The sample of the study was 378 graduate students and 383 undergraduate students. The random stratified sample was used. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was also used for data analysis. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The level of efficiency of educational performance in Palestinian and international universities from the point of view of postgraduate and undergraduate students was high. And that there are significant differences between the average views of the sample of the study on the efficiency of educational performance in Palestinian and international universities attributed to the University and to the benefit of international universities. The study concluded many recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of continuing to develop e-learning strategies that affect the efficiency of educational performance and research commensurate with the university's position in the local and international community, which puts it on the best classification between local and international universities through e-learning

Preparation, Characterization of A New Cis – Iodoplatin and Cis - Carboplatin Complexes and Study There Spectral, Physical and Pharmaceutical Properties

يتضمن هذا البحث تحضير معقد جديد للسز – بلاتين بصيغة الآيودين (  Cis – Iodoplatin )  وكذلك معقدين جديدين للسز – كاربوبلاتين وهما :   cis [Pt(aminosalicylicacid)(NH3)2] I  و  cis  [ Pt (4-   aminoantipyrine) (NH3)2]I2   واللذان يمكن ان يستخدما كعقاقير ضد السرطان، وقد حضرا باستخدام الليكاندات العضوية : 4-amino salicylic acid و4-amino antipyrine . شخصت هذه المعقدات باستخدام التقنيات الطيفية :  UV–Visو  FTIRو  XRD و 1HNMR . وقد درست تأثير التركيز ودرجة الحرارة على التوصيلية الكهربائية لمحاليل هذه المعقدات. وقد حدد تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية (عمر النصف) لمحاليل هذه المعقدات في ظروف درجة الحرارة 35 و20 درجة مئوية.This search includes preparation of new cis–platin, in the form of iodin, and new two cis - carboplatin complexes {cis  [Pt(4-aminoantipyrine) (NH3)2]I2 and cis[Pt (aminosalicylicacid) (NH3)2]I},   which used as anti - cancer drugs, they are prepared by using the organic ligands 4-amino salicylic acid and 4-amino anti pyrine. These complexes were characterized by using UV–Vis., FTIR, XRD and 1HNMR spectroscopic techniques . The effect of the concentration and the temperature on the molar electrical conductivity of its solutions were studied. The expiry date (half-life) for the solutions of the complexes in the circumstances at the degrees (350C) and (20 0C) was determine

Signatures of human skin in the millimetre wave band (80-100) GHz

© COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. With the performance of millimeter wave security screening imagers improving (reduced speckle, greater sensitivity, and better spatial resolution) attention is turning to identification of anomalies which appear on the human body. Key to this identification is the understanding of how the emissive and reflective properties vary over the human body and between different categories of people, defined by age and gender for example. As the interaction of millimetre waves with the human body is only a fraction of a millimetre into the skin, precise measurement of the emission and reflection of this radiation will allow comparisons with the norm for that region of the body and person category. On an automated basis at security screening portals, this will increase detection probabilities and reduce false alarm rates, ensuring high throughputs at entrances to future airport departure lounges and transport networks. A technique to measure the human skin emissivity in vivo over the frequency band 80 GHz to 100 GHz is described. The emissivities of the skin of a sample of 60 healthy participants (36 males and 24 females) measured using a 90 GHz calibrated radiometer was found to range from 0.17±0.002 to 0.68±0.002. The radiometric measurements were made at four locations on the arm, namely: palm of hand, back of hand, dorsal surface of the forearm, and volar side of the forearm, where the water content and the skin thickness are known to be different. These measurements show significant variation in emissivity from person to person and, more importantly, significant variation at different locations on the arms of individuals. Males were found to have an emissivity 0.03 higher than those of females. The emissivity of the back of the hand, where the skin is thinner and the blood vessels are closer to the skin surface, was found to be lower by 0.0681 than the emissivity of the palm of the hand, where the skin is thicker. The measurements also show that the emissivity of the volar side location where the blood vessels are closer to the skin surface is lower by 0.0677 than the emissivity of the dorsal surface location. The measured differences agree with those differences estimated by a half space electromagnetic model of the interaction and can be interpreted in terms of the differing water contents and skin thickness of those regions of the body

Financial Discussion Boards Irregularities Detection System (FDBs-IDS) using Information Extraction

The current growth and the use technology in global stock markets has created unprecedented opportunities for the individuals and businesses to access capital and grow and diversify their portfolios. Individuals, nowadays can decide to invest and act in few minutes if not in few seconds. This growth has led to a corresponding growth in the amount of fraud and misconduct seen in the stock markets through the use of technology. The internet is often used as a real time platform for illegal financial activity such as illegal activities on Financial Discussion Boards (FDBs). Managing and monitoring FDBs in real time is a complex and time consuming task; given the volume of data produced and the fact that some of the data is unstructured. This paper presents a novel Financial Discussion Boards Irregularities Detection System (FDBs-IDS) for FDBs which can highlight irregularities or potentially unlawful practices on FDBs. For example comments that might suggest a pump and dump activity is happening. The proposed system extracts information from FDBs, where templates hosting scenarios of known illegal activities are used to detect any potential misdemeanors. Analysis conducted on a single day trading, found that of the 3000 comments extracted from FDBs, 0.2% of these comments were deemed suspicious and required further investigation of a discussion board moderator. The man-power required to perform this task manually over the course of a year could be excessive and unaffordable. This research highlights the importance and the need of an automated crime detection system on FDBs such as FDBs-IDS which could be used and thus tackle potential criminal activities on the internet